What is specular reflection?

Specular reflection occurs when light reflects off a smooth surface, such as a mirror or calm body of water. In this type of reflection, the angle at which the incoming light ray strikes the surface (the angle of incidence) is equal to the angle at which it reflects away from the surface (the angle of reflection). This results in clear and defined images, as the light rays remain organized and do not scatter in different directions.

The property of having a smooth surface allows for this organized reflection, making specular reflection distinct from other types of reflection, such as diffuse reflection, where light scatters in multiple directions due to irregularities in a surface. Therefore, the smoothness of the surface is crucial for achieving the precise and mirrored effect that characterizes specular reflection.